Principal Component Analysis Technique for Finding the Best Applicant for a Job

This paper focuses on the use of principal component analysis technique (PCA) in choosing the best applicant for a job in Cihan University-Erbil. Cihan University has a panel of judges (University staff) to help in choosing the applicants for a job by evaluating or rating each one on different scale of preference and different type of characteristics. This process usually creates complicated multivariate data structure, which consists of 25 applicants for a job rated by a panel of judges on 17 characteristics [25 rows, applicants, and 17 columns, characteristics]. PCA plays a crucial role in conducting impactful research as it offers a potent technique for analyzing multivariate data. Researchers can utilize this method to extract valuable information that aids decision-makers in problem-solving. To ensure the appropriateness of data for PCA, certain testing procedures are necessary. In this study, two tests, namely the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, were performed, and their significance is vital. The findings indicate that the data employed in this research are suitable for PCA. Scoring and ranking procedures as extra tools were used to see that applicant No. (1) is the first accepted for a job, applicant No. (17) is the second, applicant No. (12) is the third, and so on

In vitro Culture of Several Rice Cultivars

Tissue culture methods have been established to regenerate certain rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars, but regeneration of the rice cultivars widely grown in Arkansas has not been reported. This study has established an in vitroculture for the rice cultivars \u27Nortai\u27, \u27Starbonnet\u27, \u27Mars\u27, Tebonnet\u27, \u27Newbonnet\u27, and \u27Lemont\u27. Callus was induced in the dark at either 20 or 28 C from dehusked seeds cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) containing 40 g L^-1 sucrose, 10 g L^1 agar, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg L^-1 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and adjusted to pH 5.7. After four weeks the calli were weighed, transferred onto MS medium containing no 2,4-D, and maintained in a 1 2-h photoperiod (65 uE m^-2 s^-1) at 25 ± 2 C to induce plant regeneration. Callus production was best when cultured on a medium containing 1.0 mg L^-1 2,4-D and incubated at 28 C. Plant regeneration was observed two to four weeks later. The percentage of calli regenerating platlets varied with the cultivar and the callus induction treatment. Callus induction at 20 C on a medium with a 2,4-D level less than 2.0 mg L^-1 enhanced the regenerability of most cultivars. Regenerates were transplanted to soil and grow normally to maturity. This system can be helpful in improving rice cultivars with tissue culture techniques such as somaclonal variant selection and somatic hybridization

Optimum Cone Collection Period in Arkansas for Establishing In vitro Cultures of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.)

This study was conducted to determine the optimum period to collect loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) cones that contain embryos with the greatest capacity to produce embryogenic callus for establishing somatic embryogenesis. Cones were collected from trees at the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, in 1991 during four consecutive months: May, June, July, and August. Seeds were extracted and disinfected in 70% ethanol for 1 min, 50% Clorox for 20 min, followed by four water rinses. Seed coats were removed, and embryos were cultured on DCR medium adjusted to pH 5.7 and supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L 6-BAP, 30 g/L sucrose, and 6 g/L agar. Callus was induced and maintained in the dark at 20 ± 5 C. Embryos collected in May failed to proliferate; however, 55%, 88%, and 66% of the embryos cultured produced callus from June, July, and August collections, respectively. Suspension cultures were initiated from pine callus and maintained for over 6 months in MSG medium for subsequent investigation of the conversion of embryogenic complexes into mature embryos and eventually into plantlets. Evidence for embryogenesis was observed with double-staining techniques

Bacteriolytic Activity of Coliphages on Diarrhea Associated E. coli

There has been an alarming increase in drug-resistant strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in developing as well as developed countries. Several cases of antimicrobial resistance in DEC have been observed in different parts of the world as a result, there has been a renewed interest in alternative antimicrobial treatments, including bacteriophages. This study was conducted to isolation and characterization of a lytic coliphage from sewage water capable to infect a variety of multidrug resistance DEC strains isolated from children suffering diarrhea, as first step to further usage a lytic coliphage in future.in this study, a coliphage was isolated using spotting method and titrated, using agar overlay technique. The host range of coliphages was assessed on a lawn of E coli bacteria. This study included determination of the latent periods and burst size of coli phage then determines the stability of coliphages to physical and chemical condition (temperature, pH and sunlight exposure).The results shown that, five phages isolate (A, B, C, D and E) were exhibiting a potent lytic activity with clear plaques (1-4mm in diameter). Fifty percent of the E coli strains were infected by phage isolates. It seems, very likely, that the coliphages belonging to 3 different groups (1, 2 and3). The phage growth cycle with a detected latent period of 20 min, a burst size of 160 plaque forming units per infected cell, it was found that the phage could survive at varied pH conditions with reduction in its numbers. A temperature of above 60°C and direct sunlight beyond 8 days was found to be deleterious for survival of the phage. Keywords: key words, coliphages, E. coli, diarrhe

Evaluation of Calvatia Craniformis Mushroom Activity in Treatment of Ringworm Disease Ion Cattle

In order to determine and treatment of the dermatophytosis , that infections in cattle, skin scraping samples were collected from thirty cattle which showed clinical  signs of skin diseases from some farms in different areas in Diyala  governorate. The isolation results in cattle samples showed that (90%) were positive for fungal isolation. The main fungal species that isolated included Trichophyton verrucosum. Three different concentration of Calvatia craniformis mushroom ointment are prepared to obtain (0.25%,0.50% and 1%) of the mushroom ointment respectively and then applied topically to lesion  once daily.Sixty infected cattles in different age and sex were involved in our study  and divided into two  groups ; the first is treatment group and, the second is the control group. The treatment group includes thirty patients  were treated by one of the three concentrations ( Ten patients 0.25% , Ten patients 0.50%, Ten patients 1% concentrations). The control group included thirty patients was treated by 1% sulpher ointment . The 1% mushroom ointment significantly reduce  clearance time  (P<0.05) in comparison with the control group , while other concentration produce non significant changes in clearance time , therefore this substance in all preparations is effective in the treatment of ringworm  . Keywords: ringworm, dermatophytosis, Calvatia craniformi

Histopathological changes as tools to discriminate antemortem and post-mortem wounds in rats: prospective applications in forensic medicine

Wound age estimation is one of the chief exciting subjects in forensic medicine. It is substantial to determine the most likely accurate when wounds happened, whether during antemortem or post-mortem conditions. Moreover, histological change is a method that assists available parameters in determining the antemortem and post-mortem period. This study aims to observe the histopathological changes in induced wounds to determine when the injury occurred and whether the injury occurred during antemortem or post-mortem conditions. Thirty-nine rat wound skin biopsies were studied. All samples were taken in antemortem groups at 30, 60, 180, and 360 min, and in post-mortem groups within 30, 60, 180, and 360 min with control samples (unwounded group). The skin sections were seen by microscope to observe the changes in the following criteria: the ratio and distribution of the neutrophil and macrophage, congestion and dilatation of capillaries, and degree of autolysis. For the antemortem wounds, the number of neutrophils appeared at 30 minutes and sharply increased from 60 minutes after the wound. In addition, there was an increase in macrophages from 180 min after the wound. For the post-mortem wounds in all times examined, the degree of autolysis was the best criterion for knowing the wound timing. These results propose that histopathological changes can be used as a critical criterion for finding the time of wounds and comparing antemortem and post-mortem incisional wounds in forensic medicine

Material Selection for Competition–A Case Study for Air Coolers

 تعتبر المنافسة من اهم التحديات التي تواجه تسويق المنتجات الصناعية في الوقت الحاضر. في هذا البحث تمت دراسة تأثير عامل اختيار المواد لمنتج صناعي (شباك مبردات الهواء) باعتماد معايير مقاومة التأكل، التوصيل الحراري، مقاومة المواد، الوزن، الشكل، الكلفة واسلوب التصنيع. تم التطبيق على شباك مبردة الهواء بموجب المواصفات الفنية المعتمدة في شركة الهلال واعتمدت الاختبارات ثلاث نماذج من كل من سبيكة الالمنيوم 3003 والحديد المغلون والبولي بروبلين باسماك واوضاع مختلفة. باعتماد المواصفات الهندسية لكل مادة تم حساب ال Merit Index وكذلك تم اجراء اختبارات مقاومة التآكل اضافة الى اعتماد برنامج  ANSYSلحساب معدلات التشوه والاجهادات القصوى لكل عينة. تمت مقارنة النتائج للوصول الى الخيار الانسب من بين الخيارات التي اعتمدت وبينت النتائج ان سبيكة الالمنيوم 3003 هي الاختيار الامثل باعتماد معيارين في حين ان البولي بروبلين كان الخيار الانسب بمقارنة ثلاث معايير، اما الحديد المغلون فكان افضل الخيارات في معيار واحد فقط، المعايير الاخرى كانت متماثلة في اختيار المادة البديلة المعتمدة في تصنيع شباك مبردة الهواء.Competition is one of the most important challenges that is facing the marketing of industrial products in today's markets. In this research study of the impact of material selection factor for air coolers of different materials is applied. Investigation on the air cooler windows which are part of the body of air coolers is conducted. Corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, strength of material, weight, shape, cost and manufacturing process are the factors that are applied and calculated on three types of materials Aluminum, Galvanized steel and polypropylene. The physical properties of the three mentioned materials are used to calculate Merit Index .The corrosion average, according to Tafel Method depending the corrosion current and adopting contactors for the anodic and cathodic metals behaviors is performed. ANSYS is adopted using the three samples for the selected materials Aluminum, Galvanized steel and polypropylene to measure maximum stress and deflection are measured. Accordingly, the results are compared to choose the best alternative. It is observed that the polypropylene is the best choice depending three factors while the aluminum material is better depending two factors and the galvanized steel is regarded as the best in only one factor, the rest factors are identical when choosing  an alternative material for manufacturing the air cooler windows

Rehabilitating Iraqi Schools According to the Requirements of Social Sustainability

Recently, Social Sustainability has gained significant value as it was considered by the late studies as a principal dimension along with the environmental and economic sustainability. And because of, on the other hand, the significant social role of the school for forming the student’s personality, this research is an appeal for rehabilitating and promoting Iraqi Schools according the issue of social sustainability.As there is no evaluation for the Iraqi Schools, the research is dedicated to this problem, aiming to carry out the stated evaluation and define the design treatments needed for the rehabilitation process. To achieve this goal, a theoretical background for the concept of social sustainability, its criteria, the school and its social functions was introduced. From reviewing previous architectural practices and theoretical studies, different design treatments were extracted and structured within the level of the building itself and the outside landscape. The design treatments were, then, applied to rehabilitate a selected standard school model used by the Directorate of Education in Nineveh Governorate. Evaluating the proposed model, the conclusions demonstrated the possibility of rehabilitating the existing Iraqi Schools to hold most indicators of social sustainability

Immunomodulatory, Apoptosis Induction and Antitumor Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Calvatia Craniiformis in Mice Transfected with Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the Immunomodulatory, apoptosis induction and antitumor effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Calvatia craniiformis regarding the size of tumour mass, caspase-8 expression and apoptotic index (AI%) in mice transfected with murine hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (H22) as an experimental therapeutic system for human hepatocellular carcinoma.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight Balb/C albino mice were transfected in legs with H22 cells. Tumour size was measured twice a week. Caspase-8 protein expression and apoptotic index determination evaluated by Immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Tumor size significantly differed between the two groups of mice transfected with H22 cells; the first was treated with C. craniiformis aqueous extract (0.3, 0.6, 1.2) mg/kg and the second group was treated with C. craniiformis methanolic extract (0.25, 0.5, 1.0) mg/kg compared with control group. The inhibitory activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts was dose and duration dependent. The size of the tumour mass was reduced up to 87.9% when treated with 1.2 mg/kg aqueous extract and 1 mg/kg for methanolic extract. Caspase-8 expression was increased in a dose-dependent manner among H22 bearing mice treated with C. craniiformis aqueous extract (0.3, 0.6, 1.2) mg/kg. At 0.3 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (66.67%). While at 0.6 mg/kg and 1.2 mg/kg the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (100%) with a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). H22 bearing mice treated with (0.25, 0.5, 1.0) mg/kg C. craniiformis methanolic extract shows increased caspase-8 expression in a dose-dependent manner. At 0.25 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (66.67%). While at 0.5 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (100%). At 1.0 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (16.67%) and very strong in (83.33%) with significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). AI% of H22 bearing mice treated with C. craniiformis aqueous and methanolic extracts were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the untreated control group. No significant difference was reported in AI% between aqueous and methanolic extracts treated groups.CONCLUSIONS: Extracts of C. craniiformis were highly efficient in tumour growth inhibition, causing a reduction in the tumour size clinically and increase the expression of caspase-8 gene product in tumour tissue, causing increase apoptotic index of H22 cells taken from the legs of inoculated mice leading to loss of legs due to bone necrosis. Antitumor activity of C. craniiformis aqueous, and the methanolic extract was dose and duration dependent

Characterisation of temperature dependent parameters of multi-quantum well (MQW) Ti/Au/n-AlGaAs/n-GaAs/n-AlGaAs Schottky diodes

Forward and reverse current-voltage (IV) of Ti/Au/n-Al0.33Ga0.67As/n-GaAs/n-Al0.33Ga0.67As multi-quantum well (MQW) Schottky diodes were measured over a range of temperatures from 20 to 400 K by a step of 20 K. The Schottky diodes parameters were then extracted from these characteristics. The Cheung method is used for this purpose, assuming a thermionic conduction mechanism. The extracted ideality factor decrease with increasing temperatures. But their values at low temperatures were found to be unrealistic. In order to explain this uncertainty, three assumptions were explored. Firstly an assumed inhomogeneous barrier height gave better parameters especially the Richardson constant but the ideality factor is still unrealistic at low temperatures. Secondly, by using numerical simulation, it was demonstrated that defects including interface states are not responsible for the apparent unrealistic Schottky diode parameters. The third assumption is the tunnelling mechanism through the barrier in the low temperature range. At these lower temperatures, the tunnelling mechanism was more suitable to explain the extracted parameters values